丁酸钠对犊牛胃肠道发育的研究进展

丁酸钠是一种绿色新型饲料添加剂，目前在动物饲料中应用广泛，且效果良好。作者主要介绍了丁酸钠的生物学功能、对犊牛胃肠道发育的影响及其在犊牛日粮中的应用效果。重点总结了丁酸钠促进犊牛胃肠道发育的影响机制，包括作为胃肠道组织的能量来源调控激素和生长因子的分泌，提高消化和吸收相关酶的分泌及活性，提高肠道免疫细胞保护性蛋白的分泌等。现有研究表明，日粮干物质中添加0.3%丁酸钠就能达到促进犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的效果，但具体添加水平、添加阶段和方式等尚不明确。此外，日粮粗饲料水平、精料发酵所产生的内源丁酸对外源丁酸钠的作用效果是否有影响也鲜有报道，有待进一步开展研究。     

Early development and allometric growth in hatchery‐reared Eurasian perch,Perca fluviatilis L.

The morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L., a highly valued commercial species, were studied under intensive rearing conditions from hatching up to 50 DPH (Days Post Hatch). Based on the external morphology, four different phases during early development of Eurasian perch were identified: pre‐flexion larva 0–20 DPH (5.70–10.16 mm TL); flexion larva 22–30 DPH (11.09–15.14 mm TL) and post‐flexion larva/juvenile 32–50 DPH (18.00–24.75 mm TL). The results indicate that growth period when final replacement of all temporary (larval) structures and most important changes in the shape of P. fluviatilis occurred (between 13.95 and 24.06 mm TL, during flexion and post‐flexion phase) can be considered as a transitional period between the larva and juvenile. All body segments, except trunk length and tail length showed fast growth (positive allometry) throughout the entire studied period or up to the respective inflexion point with a common tendency to isometry. In addition, the specific behaviours (e.g. pelagic way of life) of Eurasian perch larvae resulted in some characteristic allometric growth patterns in the posterior region, different from the majority of other teleosts. The results are discussed with respect to the ontogeny of the functional morphology under both ecological and aquaculture considerations.     

基于能值理论的长三角沿江城市群生态-经济-社会系统可持续发展态势研究

[目的]对长三角沿江城市群生态—经济—社会系统可持续发展态势进行研究,为该区域生态经济可持续发展提供科学支持。[方法]基于能值理论构建评价指标和评价体系,分析长三角沿江城市群生态—经济—社会系统的可持续发展态势。[结果] 2017年长三角沿江城市群中29%的城市资源过度开发,外部依赖性强;53%的城市环境负载率低,29.4%的城市环境负载率高;11.7%的城市废弃物循环再生能力低;47%的城市能值交换率低,经济竞争力强;35%的城市能值货币率高,经济产出效率低。上海、苏州单位面积能值密度高,23.5%的城市较低;29.4%的城市人均能值福利低;17.6%的城市人口负载率高;41.2%的沿江城市呈可持续发展态势,58.8%的城市呈过度发展态势。[结论] 2017年沿江城市群自给能力、环境压力、生态质量呈现上游城市强、小、优向中游基本协调,下游弱、高、差的渐变态势。上海、苏南城市经济竞争力强,但产出效率低;苏中、皖中地区除省会城市外其他城市竞争力弱;皖南城市经济发展滞后且呈沿江单边孤立发展态势。上海、苏南城市社会可持续发展优,形成人才、资源强吸引同时存在用地短缺问题;苏中城市较均衡并形成弱吸引;除合肥市、铜陵市外,皖中、皖南其他城市发展滞后,缺乏有效吸引。沿江城市群整体可持续发展态势严峻。     

八种除草剂对多异瓢虫不同虫态的安全性评价

在新疆棉区，早春季节田埂杂草上滋养的天敌昆虫，是棉田内天敌的主要来源，也是棉田外天敌保育的重点。生产上，常喷施除草剂来防除田埂上的恶性杂草，从而除草剂可能会对非靶标天敌昆虫产生直接的不利影响。本文评价了新疆农田中常用的8种除草剂对多异瓢虫不同虫态存活的影响，发现8种除草剂喷施对多异瓢虫卵孵化率、蛹羽化率、成虫存活率均没有显著影响，精喹禾灵、苯磺隆、精噁唑禾草灵处理后3龄幼虫的存活率显著低于对照，而高效氟吡甲禾灵、精吡氟禾草灵、烯草酮、氯氟吡氧乙酸、乙氧氟草醚处理组的幼虫存活率与对照没有显著差异。利用高效氟吡甲禾灵、乙氧氟草醚药液处理多异瓢虫卵后，对卵、幼虫、蛹历期以及各虫态存活率、蛹重等均无明显影响，仅高效氟吡甲禾灵处理组幼虫化蛹率显著降低。利用高效氟吡甲禾灵、乙氧氟草醚处理3龄幼虫后，对其生长发育没有显著影响。本研究证实，新疆农田常用的8种除草剂对多异瓢虫比较安全，没有明显的毒杀作用与负面效应。     

基于中高职衔接背景下中职人才培养导向研究--以四川省为例

中等职业学校是职业教育重要的组成部分,主要培养技术技能型人才,目前许多产业结构的调整对技术技能人才提出了更高的要求。基于此,本文以四川省为例,通过对四川省中职毕业生去向、走访和调查部分中职学校的人才培养导向和毕业生在企业中的工作岗位等进行分析,提出了应该结合当下发展状况,采用就业和升学双导向的人才培养模式,提高中职人才培育质量。     

Growth and ontogenetic development of digestive functionality in black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis)

The function of digestive physiology during ontogenetic development is essential to ensure high survival and growth rates. In order to evaluate the digestive physiological capacity of the black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis), changes of morphology and digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, lipase, amylase, pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) in larvae were examined from hatching to 40 days after hatching (DAH). Results indicated that fluctuation patterns differed between the total and specific activities of the digestive enzymes. The total activities of these six enzymes gradually increased throughout the fish growth. The specific activity of trypsin peaked at 5 DAH and then decreased dramatically, while it increased remarkably again from 8 to 10 DAH and remained stable level after 20 DAH. Pepsin activity was first examined in M. terminalis at 15 DAH and gradually elevated towards the end of the experiment. The specific activity of lipase displayed obvious peaks at 5 and 20 DAH. For the amylase, its specific activity reached plateau at 4 DAH, underwent sharp decrease, and remained stable after 20 DAH. In addition, we found that the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase raised significantly from hatching to 5 DAH, and tended to keep slight fluctuation after 15 DAH. From the above, we concluded that the specific activities of digestive enzymes in the larvae varied constantly from 3 to 20 DAH and turned relatively stable after 20 DAH. The present study provides effective information that is useful to improve the seedling cultivation and the technology for healthy breeding.     

宜昌市乡村景观遗产可持续发展模式研究

通过分析宜昌市乡村旅游概况,剖析同质化与适宜性、不均衡与剥离性、区域协同性与再认识3个方面的问题,提出建立景观适宜性评价体系、加大基础服务设施、保护与发展相协调的可持续发展策略。     

打底杈和施用沼液肥对辣椒生长发育及产量的影响

以羊角椒‘卡宴’为试材,以追施复合肥为对照(CK),设追施复合肥+叶喷沼液肥(T1)、根施沼渣肥+叶喷沼液肥(T2)两个处理,各处理植株分别设打底杈和对照两个整枝处理,测定和分析了不同施肥处理和整枝方式对辣椒的农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：打底杈处理的植株在株高、开展度、分枝数等农艺性状显著优于没有打底衩处理。打底杈的T1处理沼液叶面肥与化肥配合施用对辣椒株高、开展度等农艺性状指标最为明显,T2处理沼液叶面肥与沼渣肥配合施用在果实横纵经、单果重等果实品质上显著优于CK对照处理。打底杈处理的植株平均产量增加99.68kg/667m²,平均增产34.53%。说明对辣椒进行打底衩处理可以提高辣椒的农艺性状、果实品质以及产量。     

乡村振兴战略背景下岭南荔枝文化产业的创新性发展路径选择探究

本文基于乡村振兴战略背景下，探究岭南荔枝文化产业如何在现有的条件下抓住机遇实现 创新性发展。在整合现有创新性经验的基础上，进一步推进岭南荔枝文化产业的创新性路径探索，思 考岭南荔枝文化产业创新性发展过程中遇到的问题，处理好不同文化之间的关系，旨在为岭南荔枝文 化产业的转型发展寻找一条创新性道路。     

毕节市油茶产业发展现状及对策

油茶作为世界四大木本食用油料植物之一，在林业产业和山区经济发展中占有十分重要的 地位。近年来，毕节将油茶产业作为助推脱贫攻坚的重要支柱产业之一，大力发展。文章介绍了毕节 市近年推进油茶产业的一些主要做法，并指出了当前发展油茶产业存在的一些问题，针对问题，提供 了现阶段的一些对策，以期为促进全市油茶产业发展，助推脱贫攻坚提供一定的理论依据。